The Achilles tendon, a robust band of tissue connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone, is essential for many movements in daily life and sport. Whether you’re running a marathon or simply walking, this tendon plays a crucial role. Achilles tendon injuries are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries, especially in athletes, but they can affect anyone. 

Recognizing the early signs of an Achilles tendon injury is vital for preventing long-term damage and ensuring a swift recovery. Below, we explore the key signs that might indicate you are suffering from an Achilles tendon injury.

What is the Achilles Tendon?

The Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in the human body, running from the calf muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) to the heel bone (calcaneus). It enables essential movements like walking, running and jumping by allowing the foot to push off the ground. When the tendon becomes damaged or inflamed, it can lead to pain, swelling and reduced mobility, affecting your ability to perform basic activities.

Understanding Achilles Tendon Injuries

Achilles tendon injuries come in several forms, from tendinitis (inflammation of the tendon) to complete ruptures. Tendonitis is usually caused by repetitive strain, while a rupture often results from a sudden, forceful movement such as a quick sprint or jump. Factors like age, improper footwear or overuse can contribute to these injuries, making it essential to monitor for symptoms early on.

Pain at the Back of the Ankle

One of the earliest and most common signs of an Achilles tendon injury is pain at the back of the ankle. This pain can range from mild discomfort to sharp, debilitating pain. It’s usually localized to the tendon and may worsen with activities that involve pushing off with the foot, such as running or climbing stairs. If the pain persists or intensifies over time, it could indicate an underlying issue with the Achilles tendon.

Swelling Around the Ankle

Swelling is another clear sign of an Achilles tendon injury. This occurs due to inflammation of the tendon or surrounding tissues. It’s important to distinguish between normal swelling after physical activity and abnormal swelling that does not subside. If the swelling is persistent, significant or coupled with redness and warmth, it may signal a more severe injury such as tendonitis or even a partial tear.

Stiffness and Limited Range of Motion

When the Achilles tendon is injured, it often becomes stiff and tight, leading to a limited range of motion in the affected foot and ankle. This stiffness is particularly noticeable in the morning or after periods of rest when the tendon has cooled down. You may notice difficulty flexing your foot or walking with a normal gait, as the tendon struggles to stretch and contract properly.

Tenderness to the Touch

Tenderness around the Achilles tendon, especially when gently pressing on the area, is a classic sign of injury. This localized pain suggests inflammation, which may result from repetitive strain or sudden trauma. In some cases, the tenderness can be felt along the length of the tendon, while in others, it may be more concentrated near the heel or calf muscle.

A Popping Sensation or Sound

If you experience a sudden, sharp pain accompanied by a “pop” or “snap” sound, it could indicate a rupture of the Achilles tendon. This is typically a more severe injury that requires immediate medical attention. A rupture often occurs during high-impact sports or activities that involve sudden acceleration, such as basketball or tennis. If you experience this sensation, seek medical help as soon as possible.

Increased Pain During Physical Activity

Achilles tendon injuries often worsen during physical activity. If you notice that pain increases when you engage in activities like running, jumping or even walking briskly, it may be a sign that the tendon is being overstressed. This pain can escalate, leading to further damage if not addressed. Reducing activity levels and resting the tendon is critical to avoid exacerbating the injury.

Heel Pain in the Morning or After Rest

Achilles tendon injuries frequently cause pain in the heel area, especially when you first wake up in the morning or after sitting for long periods. This pain is often sharp and may feel as though the tendon is stiff and tight. As you begin to move, the pain might subside, but it can return after prolonged activity. This is a common symptom of tendonitis, where the tendon becomes inflamed and less flexible.

Weakness in the Affected Leg

Another sign of an Achilles tendon injury is weakness in the affected leg, particularly in the calf and foot muscles. You may notice a decreased ability to push off the ground when walking, running or climbing stairs. This weakness occurs because the Achilles tendon is responsible for the flexion of the foot and when it is compromised, the muscles that rely on it are unable to function optimally.

Difficulty Standing on Tiptoes

Standing on tiptoes is a simple yet effective test for Achilles tendon functionality. If you find it challenging or impossible to raise your heel off the ground, it could indicate a tear or rupture of the tendon. A healthy Achilles tendon should allow you to easily balance on the balls of your feet. Difficulty with this movement is a strong indicator that the tendon is damaged and needs medical attention.

How to Seek Professional Help

If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s essential to seek professional help promptly. A healthcare provider, such as an orthopedic specialist or physical therapist, can perform a thorough examination to determine the extent of the injury. In some cases, imaging tests like an ultrasound or MRI may be necessary to assess tendon damage.

Prevention and Self-Care for Achilles Tendon Health

Preventing Achilles tendon injuries involves proper warm-up, stretching and strengthening exercises. Strengthening the calf muscles and improving flexibility can help reduce the strain on the tendon. Wearing supportive shoes, avoiding sudden increases in physical activity and listening to your body can also help prevent overuse injuries. Regular rest and recovery are crucial to maintaining tendon health and preventing long-term damage.

Achilles tendon injuries can be debilitating, but early recognition of symptoms is key to preventing further complications. By staying vigilant and seeking appropriate care, you can reduce the risk of chronic tendon problems and ensure a full recovery.